Rhizopus: black bread mold.

Rhizopus: black bread mold: zygote, sporangium, sporangiophore, stolon and rhizoids.

Study of mushroom.

study of mushroom: showing pileus, gills, annulus and stipe.

Study of spirogyra.

Spirogyra diagram with label-lings: nucleus, chloroplast, cell wall and cell membrane.

Study of amoeba.

Amoeba showing the ectoplasm, the endoplasm, nucleus, food vacuole, contractile vacuole and psedopodium.

Phylum Coelentrata: jelly fish.

Phylum Coelentrata: Jelly Fish showing the tentacles, and oral arm.

Life history of mosquito: pupa of mosquito.

pupa of mosquito: showing anterior and posterior parts.

Phylum echinodermata: star fish.

Phylum Echinodermata: Star Fish showing arm, disc mouth and tube feet.

Phylum Echinodermata: sea urchin

Phylum Echinodermata: Sea Urchin with spines and mouth.

Phylum Mollusca and Phylum Arthropoda.

Phylum Mollusca: fresh water mussel. Phylum Arthropoda: honey bee and butter fly.

phylum arthropoda: Crab and spider.

Phylum Chordata: class pisces: labeo rohita (rahu)

Phylum Chordata: class pisces: labeo rohita (rahu) showing the pelvic fin, the medial ventral fin, the pectoral fin, the caudal fin, the mouth and the medial dorsal fin.

Connective tissue and Skeletal Tissues.

connective tissue, and three types of the muscular tissues: skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles with gap junctions.

External morphology of a leaf from mustard plant.

petiole, lamina and mid rib of a leaf from the mustard plant.

Observation of heart of frog.

dorsal and ventral view of the heart of frog showing: ventricle, left and right auricles, truncus arteriosus and sinus venosus.

Digestive, male and female reproductive systems of frog.

Digestive system of frog showing anus, cloaca, urinary bladder, large intestine, small intestine, spleen, mesentry, pancrease, stomach, gall bladder, liver and esophagus.

Reproductive system of female frog showing urinary bladder, uterus, ureter, oviduct, kidney, ovary, fat bodies and funnel of oviduct.

reproductive system of male frog showing: urinary bladder, cloaca, urino genital duct, kidney, testis and fat bodies.

Action of the Diaphragm and inter-costal muscles and demonstration of air sacs in mammals.

Demonstration of air sacs in mammals, showing the blood vessels, bronchiole and alveolus.

Inspiration, expiration. View of the chest cavity and ribs.

How to draw a skeleton quickly...

How to draw a skeleton quickly in an Exam?

We all know that the more elaborate our answers in the paper, the more marks we will get. In Biology paper the elaboration can of course be gotten through drawing diagrams and labeling them correctly. But due to the shortage of time, mostly students skip drawing diagrams and loose an important opportunity. So here are some tips at drawing the human skeleton which should give your Biology paper an extra boost, if you happen to have a question from the unit on Skeleton, movement and Locomotion.

1. Learn to be quick in drawing. this can only be if you do loads of practice. I drew this rough image in less than 2 minutes, including the labeling. I know it is not neat and pretty but it was fast and just a practice sketch. If you can do a rough drawing in 2 minutes, you can make a very tidy one in five (for the Exams).
2. Consider the skeleton to be a man, with a head, two legs, two arms and an abdomen. Instead of flesh however the skeleton will have bones,
3. If you know which bones are where and there rough size and shape, you can make a quick skeleton.
4. As this blog is for the students till their twelfth grades, I will say don't worry about the bony tubercles, facets and tuberosities. Just give each bone a rough sketchy feel, so that it looks professional even though it is not.
5. And finally be very specific about the labeling's, every bone has its own importance so don't mess with their names. labeling's show the Examiner how much you actually know, so be careful with them. have fun with your Biology paper !!!

Star Fish ... An Echinoderm.

Structure of Star Fish...an echinoderm.

Alternation of Generation: Metagenesis.

Alternation of generation...Metagenesis.

METAGENESIS:
DEFINITION:
"The alternation of generation that reproduces asexually (by budding or fission) with a generation that reproduces sexually (by eggs and sperms) is called alternation of generation"
FOR EXAMPLE:
Coelentrates like Obelia.
EXPLANATION:

1. Obelia colony does not bear gonads and is therefore sexless representing asexual reproduction.
2. It develops by budding and is diploid.
3. It contains three types of zooids: polyps and medusae.
4. Polyps reproduce asexually by budding to give medusae.
5. The medusae are set free by the parent colony and swim in water. It is free living.
6. The medusae give rise to egg and sperms - acting as reproductive organs.
7. On fertilization the oosperms again develop into an asexual obelia colony.

CONCLUSION:

Free type swimming medusoid sexual alternate with sessile polypoid asexual.

Biology Terminology.

• vertebral column = back bone = spine
• wood = secondary xylem
• adrenal gland = supra renal gland
• adrenaline = epinephrine
• afferent nerve = sensory nerve
• air bladder = swim bladder
• alimentary canal = gut = digestive tract
• allelomorphic = pair of alleles
• amylase =diastase
• atrium = auricle
• atrophy = degeneration
• bisexual = hermaphrodite = monoecious
• breathing = external respiration
• caudal = tail
• cell division = cytokinesis
• cellular respiration = internal respiration
• chemo synthetic = chemo autotrophic
• chrysalis = pupa
• cleavage = division
• cork = phellogen
• endocrine gland = ductless gland
• circulatory system = vascular system
• erythrocyte = red blood corpuscle = RBC
• fructose = laevulose
• gamete = germ cell = sex cell
• haploid = monoploid
• glucose = dextrose
• glycogen = animal starch
• golgi body = golgi apparatus = dictyosome
• unicellular = acellular
• gonad = sex organ
• holophytic = photosynthetic
• imago = adult
• inner ear = membranous labyrinth
• integument = skin
• intestinal juice = succus entericus
• invertase = sucrase
• involuntary muscle = smooth muscle = unstriated muscle = unstripped muscle
• kreb's cycle = citric acid cycle
• lamella = layer
• leucocyte = white blood corpuscle = WBC
• mastication = chewing
• meiosis = reduction division
• metameric segmentation = metamerism
• nephron = uniferous tubule = kidney tubule
• ovum = egg cell
• uterus = womb
• pith = medulla
• plasma lemma = plasma membrane = cell membrane
• ptyalin = salivary amylase
• semi permeable = selectively permeable = deferentially permeable
• smell = olfaction
• symbiotc = mutualism
• taste = gustation
• tonoplast = vacuole membrane 
• unisexual = dioecious
• vegetative reproduction = propagation
• voluntary muscle = skeletal muscle = striated muscle - striped muscle
• sarcodina = rhizopoda
• cilliata = cilliophora