Study of the structure of Nephron.

Study of the structure of nephron: Bowmans capsule, glomerulus, convuluted tubules, capillaries, convuluted tubules, to renal vein, from renal artery.

Study of continuous variations in the height in man and continuous and discontinuous variations in tongue rolling in man and recording the results in histograms.

Biology Practical Readings, second year: Frequency table of human height.

Biology Practical Readings, second year:Histogram of human height.

Biology Practical Readings, second year:Histogram of tongue rolling in man.

Study of pond ecosystem.

Study of pond ecosystem: littoral zone, limnetic zone and profundal zone.

Study of developement of chick embryo: 48 and 72 hour embryo after incubation.

The 48 hour chick embryo: mesencephalon, rhombenecephalon, fifth cranial nerve, notochord, anterior cardial vein, roots of 7th and 8th cranical nerves, let anterior vitelline membrane,truncus arteriosus, neural tube, omphalomesenteric artery, aorta, diencephalon, infundibulum, preoral gut, rathkes pouch, oral plate, pharynx, right anterior vitelline memebrane, ventricle, right omphalomesentric vein, posterior cardinal vein, mesonephric duct.

The 72 hour chick embryo: tail. posterior appendage bud, anterior appendage bud, atrium, anterior cardinal vien, truncus arteriosus, aortic arch IV, visceral cleft II, ganglion IX, auditory vesicle, hyoid arch, hyomandibular cleft, mandibular arch, metencephalon, ganglion V, lens of eye, sensory layer, pigmented layer, epiphysis, diencephalon, olfactory pit, telencephalon, ventricle, vitelline vein, vitelline artery.

Transverse sections of pancrease and thyroid gland under low and high power microscopes.

Transverse section of pancrease under low power of microscope: pancreatic ductile, pancreatic acini, blodd vessels, islets of langerhans, connective tissue stroms.

transverse section of pancreas under high power of microscope: pancreatic acini, lumen of acini, islets of langerhans, alpha cells, pancreatic ductile, beta cells, undifferentiated cells, blood vessels.

transverse section of thyroid gland under high power of microscope: inter folucular connective tissue cell, cuboidal cells of epithelium, colloid, nerve fibers and blood vessels.

Study of skeltal, smooth and cardiac musles from prepared slides.

Skeletal muscle of frog: unit of contraction, muscle fiber, nucleus. Cardiac muscles of heart: muscle fiber, nucleus, junction between two cells. Smooth muscles: muscle fiber and nucleus.

Study of "reproductive system of female frog"

Female reproductive system of frog: oviduct funnel, oviduct, fat body, ovary, kidney, oviduct, rectum, cloaca, ureter and urinary bladder.

Study of the pectoral girdle and iliac crest of frog.

pectoral (shoulder) girdle of frog: episternum, omosternum, suprascapula, sternum, acromian process, clavicle, scapula, glenoid cavity, riht coracoid, left coracoid, metasternum, xiphisternum.

pelvic (hip) girdle of frog: iliac crest, pubis, ilium, acaetabulum and ischium.

Study of the skull of frog.

Dorsal View of the skull of frog: premaxilla,, maxilla, nasal, sphenethmoid, fronto-parietal, squamosal, pterygoid, quadrato-jugal, prootic, exoccipital, foraman magnum, quadrate cartilage.

skull of frog, ventral view: premaxilla, vomer, maxilla, palatine, parasphenoid, fronto-parietal, ptyerigoid, quadrato-jugal, columella auris, exoccipital and quadrate cartilage.

Study of the structure of human ear.

Human ear showing pinna, semi circular canals, ear drum, auditory canal and choclea.

Demonstration of various parts of human skeleton.

Human skeleton showing metacarpals, skull, pectoral girdle, humerus, ribs, radius, ulna, vertebral column, carpels, pelvic girdle, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsals, phallenges.

Microscopic examination of transverse sections of young dicotyledonous stem and woody stem.

Young dicotyledonous stem showing the vascular bundles, pith, xylem, cambium,phloem,fibers, cortex and epidermis.

woody stem showing bark, sap wood, and heart wood.

Examination of the model of the heart of man.

labelled heart of man: aorta, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery,superior vena cava, left atrium, pulmonary valve, right atrium, left ventricle, arterio-ventricular valve.

Eosine solution experiment showing ascent of sap in plants.

Demonstration of the ascent of sap in plants by uptake of eosine solution in a herbaceous plant.

How to draw neat and tidy diagrams?

Whether in your practical copies or your Exams, the drawings and diagrams have to be labelled and neat. If you add some shadings and sketchy marks to them, the merrier.
Here are some tips and tricks to make your work look neater:

1. Never ever draw the diagrams in the middle of the page, draw them towards the left, so that there is space for labeling's.
2. The diagram should not be very close to the top or bottom, but rather in the middle. There should however be space for the main heading, which should be below the drawing, not above it.
3. Give the main heading double underlines, and the labeling's single underlines, in case you have shortage of time or space (sometimes the labeling's are too many). 
4. Make the line end of the labeling's prominent by darkening the ends of the line.
5. Always use a full stop after each labeling.
6. make the first drawing with a light pencil, so that it can be rubbed off, when wrong. Once the first correct sketch has been drawn, only then use a dark pencil.
7. Use a tissue paper or cotton bud to shade or blend the shade.
8. Make sure your hands are clean before starting the labeling. Often shading leaves the hands gray because of the lead, so clean them up before starting the labeling.

How to draw a skeleton quickly...

How to draw a skeleton quickly in an Exam?

We all know that the more elaborate our answers in the paper, the more marks we will get. In Biology paper the elaboration can of course be gotten through drawing diagrams and labeling them correctly. But due to the shortage of time, mostly students skip drawing diagrams and loose an important opportunity. So here are some tips at drawing the human skeleton which should give your Biology paper an extra boost, if you happen to have a question from the unit on Skeleton, movement and Locomotion.

1. Learn to be quick in drawing. this can only be if you do loads of practice. I drew this rough image in less than 2 minutes, including the labeling. I know it is not neat and pretty but it was fast and just a practice sketch. If you can do a rough drawing in 2 minutes, you can make a very tidy one in five (for the Exams).
2. Consider the skeleton to be a man, with a head, two legs, two arms and an abdomen. Instead of flesh however the skeleton will have bones,
3. If you know which bones are where and there rough size and shape, you can make a quick skeleton.
4. As this blog is for the students till their twelfth grades, I will say don't worry about the bony tubercles, facets and tuberosities. Just give each bone a rough sketchy feel, so that it looks professional even though it is not.
5. And finally be very specific about the labeling's, every bone has its own importance so don't mess with their names. labeling's show the Examiner how much you actually know, so be careful with them. have fun with your Biology paper !!!