Cyclic Electron Transport Chain in Photosynthesis.

Flow Chart Diagram of Cyclic Electron Transport Chain in Photosynthesis.

Phylum Mollusca and Phylum Arthropoda.

Phylum Mollusca: fresh water mussel. Phylum Arthropoda: honey bee and butter fly.

phylum arthropoda: Crab and spider.

How to draw a skeleton quickly...

How to draw a skeleton quickly in an Exam?

We all know that the more elaborate our answers in the paper, the more marks we will get. In Biology paper the elaboration can of course be gotten through drawing diagrams and labeling them correctly. But due to the shortage of time, mostly students skip drawing diagrams and loose an important opportunity. So here are some tips at drawing the human skeleton which should give your Biology paper an extra boost, if you happen to have a question from the unit on Skeleton, movement and Locomotion.

1. Learn to be quick in drawing. this can only be if you do loads of practice. I drew this rough image in less than 2 minutes, including the labeling. I know it is not neat and pretty but it was fast and just a practice sketch. If you can do a rough drawing in 2 minutes, you can make a very tidy one in five (for the Exams).
2. Consider the skeleton to be a man, with a head, two legs, two arms and an abdomen. Instead of flesh however the skeleton will have bones,
3. If you know which bones are where and there rough size and shape, you can make a quick skeleton.
4. As this blog is for the students till their twelfth grades, I will say don't worry about the bony tubercles, facets and tuberosities. Just give each bone a rough sketchy feel, so that it looks professional even though it is not.
5. And finally be very specific about the labeling's, every bone has its own importance so don't mess with their names. labeling's show the Examiner how much you actually know, so be careful with them. have fun with your Biology paper !!!

Star Fish ... An Echinoderm.

Structure of Star Fish...an echinoderm.

Bilateral and Radial Symmetry Diagram.

Bilateral symmetry (structure of Planaria)

Radial symmetry (structure of sea urchin)

Proterozoic era to Cenozoic era.

Time line from the first living organism through the age of fungi, the age of trilobites, the age of reptiles, the coal forming age to the present age. From Proterozoic era to the Cenzoic era passing through the proterozoic and mesozoic era.

Chlorophyll a Structure... Head and Phytol (Tail)

Structure of chlorophyll a...head and phytol (tail)

Plant Families --- Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Mimosaceae.

Plant family Fabaceae: Floral formula, inflorescence, sepals, petals, stamen, carpel, ovary, fruit, leaf, stem, root, distribution and habit.

Plant family caeslapiniaceae: Floral formula, inflorescence, sepals, petals, stamen, carpel, ovary, fruit, leaf, stem, root, distribution and habit.

Plant family Memosacea: Floral formula, inflorescence, sepals, petals, stamen, carpel, ovary, fruit, leaf, stem, root, distribution and habit.

Plant Families ...Rosacceae, Solanaceae and Poaceae.

Plant Families ... Rosaceae, Solanaceae and Poaceae.

Alternation of Generation: Metagenesis.

Alternation of generation...Metagenesis.

METAGENESIS:
DEFINITION:
"The alternation of generation that reproduces asexually (by budding or fission) with a generation that reproduces sexually (by eggs and sperms) is called alternation of generation"
FOR EXAMPLE:
Coelentrates like Obelia.
EXPLANATION:

1. Obelia colony does not bear gonads and is therefore sexless representing asexual reproduction.
2. It develops by budding and is diploid.
3. It contains three types of zooids: polyps and medusae.
4. Polyps reproduce asexually by budding to give medusae.
5. The medusae are set free by the parent colony and swim in water. It is free living.
6. The medusae give rise to egg and sperms - acting as reproductive organs.
7. On fertilization the oosperms again develop into an asexual obelia colony.

CONCLUSION:

Free type swimming medusoid sexual alternate with sessile polypoid asexual.

Biology Terminology.

• vertebral column = back bone = spine
• wood = secondary xylem
• adrenal gland = supra renal gland
• adrenaline = epinephrine
• afferent nerve = sensory nerve
• air bladder = swim bladder
• alimentary canal = gut = digestive tract
• allelomorphic = pair of alleles
• amylase =diastase
• atrium = auricle
• atrophy = degeneration
• bisexual = hermaphrodite = monoecious
• breathing = external respiration
• caudal = tail
• cell division = cytokinesis
• cellular respiration = internal respiration
• chemo synthetic = chemo autotrophic
• chrysalis = pupa
• cleavage = division
• cork = phellogen
• endocrine gland = ductless gland
• circulatory system = vascular system
• erythrocyte = red blood corpuscle = RBC
• fructose = laevulose
• gamete = germ cell = sex cell
• haploid = monoploid
• glucose = dextrose
• glycogen = animal starch
• golgi body = golgi apparatus = dictyosome
• unicellular = acellular
• gonad = sex organ
• holophytic = photosynthetic
• imago = adult
• inner ear = membranous labyrinth
• integument = skin
• intestinal juice = succus entericus
• invertase = sucrase
• involuntary muscle = smooth muscle = unstriated muscle = unstripped muscle
• kreb's cycle = citric acid cycle
• lamella = layer
• leucocyte = white blood corpuscle = WBC
• mastication = chewing
• meiosis = reduction division
• metameric segmentation = metamerism
• nephron = uniferous tubule = kidney tubule
• ovum = egg cell
• uterus = womb
• pith = medulla
• plasma lemma = plasma membrane = cell membrane
• ptyalin = salivary amylase
• semi permeable = selectively permeable = deferentially permeable
• smell = olfaction
• symbiotc = mutualism
• taste = gustation
• tonoplast = vacuole membrane 
• unisexual = dioecious
• vegetative reproduction = propagation
• voluntary muscle = skeletal muscle = striated muscle - striped muscle
• sarcodina = rhizopoda
• cilliata = cilliophora

Life Cycle of Angiosperms.

Life cycle of Angiosperms: Alternation of Generation.

Life cycle of Angiosperms: alternation of generation.