Important Applications of Batteries and Fuel Cells.

Application of batteries and fuel cells.

High specific power is required for the large mechanical load. Low operating temperatures can arise. safety and environmental concerns are also an issue.

• Pb/Acid Cell:

It is certainly and exclusively used in theses applications:
1. ELECTRICALLY POWERED VEHICLES (ECV's)
They used batteries to replace the combustion engines. The current technology: Ni/base cells or Pb/acid cells will not suffice  to provide a car with the same operating parameters as the combustion engine.
2. HIGH POWER APPLICATIONS.
They are used for portable high power applications.
*portable computers: a rpidly growing market, currently using:
Ni/Cd cells.
NiMH cell.
Lithium ion cell.
*Power tools.
*Flashlights.
*Medical devices.

• Primary Cells:

They are used in:
1. PORTABLE LOW POWER APPLICATIONS:
*watches.
*meters.
*cameras.
*calculators etc.
In these devices low power densities are often acceptable but low self discharge rates and high energy densities are desirable to provide long service life.
Lithium batteries are more often used.
2. MILITARY APPLICATIONS:
*power for missile guidance.
*communication devices.
*drive or activation.
3. HEARING AIDS:
*mercury battery.
*silver oxide battery.
*zinc/air battery.
High volumetric energy density allow for smaller batteries.

• Fuel Cells:

They are used in:
1.FUEL CELL POWER.
*vending machines.
*vacuum cleaners.
*high way road signs.
2.POWERING.
*buses.
*boats.
*trains.
*planes.
*scooters.
*bicycles.
3.MINIATURE FUEL CELLS.
*cellular phones.
*laptop computers.
*portable electronics.
4.POWER TO FACILITIES.
*hospitals.
*credit card centers.
*police stations.
*banks.
5.ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION.
*waste water treatment plants.
*land fills.
They convert methane gas to produce electricity.
6.MICRO FUEL CELLS.
*pagers.
*video recorders.
*portable power tools.
*smoke detectors.
*low power remote devices.
*burglar alarms.
*hotel locks.
*meter readers.